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墨经是中国二千余年前战国时代墨翟的遗著“墨子”中间的一部分,共四篇,成书年代应在纪元前五世纪后半叶和纪元前三世纪中叶之间。其中包含着比较丰富的哲学和科学资料,而且具有明显的朴素的唯物思想和辩证观点。但文字非常简奥,且多(讠为)脱错乱,最难整理,因而其中所蕴藏的宝贵遗产很多还未被发掘。本编论文开始对墨经的著者,成书年代,主要内容,写作形式,研究情况和方法以及有关物理学问题的内容作了全面的介绍;然后专就墨经中有关时间、空间概念问题和几何光学理论问题分别作了详细的介绍与阐明。时间空间问题共有五条,构成一定的逻辑系统,本篇运用辩证唯物论的观点,对这五条进行了细致的分析。几何光学理论共八条,前五条是关于影的问题,包括重影,针孔成象,光的反射,影的大小长短等现象和理论。后三条是关于球面反射镜的实验现象和理论说明,并附图解,特别在有关球面镜理论部分提出与过去学者的意见不完全相同的解释。最后对这些物理学资料在世界科学史上应有的地位和价值作了适当的估计与论断。
Mojing is a middle part of Mozi, a legacy of Mo Zhai in the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago in China, with a total of four books. The book era should be between the second half of the fifth century before the third century and the middle of the third century. Which contains a wealth of philosophical and scientific information, but also has obvious simple materialistic thinking and dialectical point of view. However, the text is very simple, and more (讠 for) off the chaos, the most difficult finishing, which contains many of the precious heritage has not been discovered. This editorial begins with a comprehensive introduction of the author, the book age, the main content, the form of writing, the research situation and the method of the book of ink and the content of the related physics problem. Then, I will elaborate on the concept of time, space and geometry Optical theory issues were made in detail and clarified. A total of five issues in time and space, constitute a certain logic system, the use of dialectical materialism point of view, these five were analyzed in detail. There are altogether eight theories of geometrical optics. The first five articles are about shadow problems, including ghosting, pinhole imaging, reflection of light, the size of the shadow, and other phenomena and theories. The last three articles are experimental phenomena and theoretical explanations of spherical mirrors and are accompanied by illustrations. In particular, the theory of spherical mirrors is not completely the same as the opinions of past scholars. At last, we should make a proper estimate and conclusion of the proper status and value of these physical data in the history of world science.