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1 概述在本文中作者根据自己从开挖结构到岩洞的地下建筑设计经验讨论几个例子。土地短缺(从而成本高昂)、历史遗迹、娱乐公园、气候稳定、隐蔽等等,这些因素在很多情况下都适于开发地下建筑。对于斯德哥尔摩的地铁,最有效的走向是穿过短形城市网格的对角线而不影响已有建筑,这就是把地铁放在城市花岗岩石层地下20～30米的主要因素。地铁还能提供防空条件。斯德哥尔摩和新加坡的地下铁路是两个不同方案的例子。斯德哥尔摩皇家国立图书馆没有向地面上扩建,主要是从环境的角度考虑。市民们强烈
1 Overview In this article, the author discusses several examples based on his experience in underground building design from excavation structures to caverns. Land shortages (and thus high costs), historical sites, recreational parks, climate stability, concealment, etc. These factors are in many cases suitable for the development of underground buildings. For the Stockholm metro, the most effective direction is to cross the diagonal of the short-term urban grid without affecting the existing buildings. This is the main factor that puts the subway 20 to 30 meters underground in the city’s granite rock formations. The subway can also provide air defense conditions. Underground railways in Stockholm and Singapore are examples of two different schemes. The Stockholm Royal National Library did not expand to the ground, mainly from an environmental point of view. The citizens are strong