多年来 ,理论界对马克思自由观的理解一直存在着误区。最突出的表现是 ,有相当多的论者都正面引用马克思那段流传很广的关于自由的著名论述 :“自由就是从事一切对别人没有害处的活动的权利。每个人所能进行的对别人没有害处的活动的界限是由法律规定的 ,正像地界是由界标确定的一样。”认为这是马克思的观点 ,并以此作为自己立论的依据。按照这种理解 ,任何法律等社会关系都是自由的保障 ,要想获得自由 ,就只能在现存的社会行为规范限定的范围内行动。这是把现存的社会行为规范无条件的合理化神圣化了 ,是在为现存的世界盲目唱颂歌 ,其后果只能是封闭自由的发展之路。其实 ,这与马克思的自由观不但相去甚远 ,而且完全大相径庭 Over the years, theoretical circles have always been misunderstood about Marx’s concept of freedom. The most prominent manifestation is that quite a few critics have positively quoted Marx’s well-known famous discourse on freedom: “Freedom is the right to engage in all activities that are not harmful to others. The boundaries of harmless activity are prescribed by law, just as the realm of land is determined by landmarks. ”This is Marx’s view and serves as the basis for its own argument. According to this understanding, social relations such as any law are all guarantees of freedom. To be free, they can only act within the limits of existing social norms. This is to sanctify the unconditional rationalization of existing norms of social behavior, to sing a carolous song for the existing world, and its consequences can only be a closed and free development. In fact, this is not only a far cry from Marx’s concept of freedom, but it is totally different