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利用生物炭在贫瘠的土壤上培育出肥沃的“黑土”正成为土壤学家研究的热点.氮、磷等大量养分是衡量土壤肥力高低的重要指标,生物炭对其有效性影响表现出极大的复杂性.不同研究得出的结论不尽相同,关键是缺乏对其机制的深入研究.由于氮和磷的不合理利用还可能造成非点源污染而带来环境风险,再加之生物炭施用的不可逆性,必须确保生物炭在任何情况下都不会对土壤和环境带来不利的影响.为此,本文综述了生物炭添加对氮肥和磷肥在土壤-植物系统迁移转化过程中的作用,重点讨论了不同生物炭处理方式对土壤磷素吸附解吸和形态转化的影响,生物炭对土壤氮素转化的关键过程(矿化作用、硝化作用和固持作用)的影响,以及生物炭C/N比值对土壤氮素转化的影响,同时指出了目前研究存在的不足和需要加强的方面,从而为生物炭的应用和推广提供思路.
The use of biochar to cultivate fertile “black soil” in barren soil is becoming a hot topic of research by soil scientists.Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are important indicators of soil fertility and the effect of biochar on their effectiveness shows Great complexity.The conclusions reached by different studies are not the same, the key is the lack of in-depth study of its mechanism.Because of the unreasonable use of nitrogen and phosphorus can also cause non-point source pollution and bring environmental risks, The irreversibility of carbon application must ensure that biochar will not adversely affect soil and environment under any circumstances.Therefore, in this paper, the effects of biochar addition on the migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in soil-plant systems The effects of different biochar treatment methods on the adsorption and desorption of soil phosphorus and morphological changes were discussed. The effects of biochar on the key processes of soil nitrogen transformation (mineralization, nitrification and holding) and the effects of biochar C / N ratio on soil nitrogen conversion, and at the same time points out the shortcomings of the current research and needs to be strengthened, so as to provide ideas for the application and promotion of biochar.