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1982～1983两年内,对影响玉米籽粒产量和千粒重有关的灌浆性状进行了研究,结果表明:籽粒灌浆速率和有效灌浆期是影响千粒重和籽粒产量的两个重要生理因素,有效灌浆期对单株籽粒产量的作用是直接的(相关系数为r=0.885,1982;r=0.5754,1983)。籽粒灌浆速率对单株籽粒产量的作用是间接的,相关系数很小(r=0.015,1982;r=0.012,1983;)其原因主要是受穗粒数的影响较大。在穗粒数一定的情况下,籽粒灌浆速率与籽粒产量的偏相关达十分显著的水平(r_(yx1.X2)=0.9694,1982;r_(YX1.X2)=0.8923,1983)。通径分析表明:籽粒灌浆速率和有效灌浆期主要是通过千粒重影响产量,籽粒灌浆速率对千粒重的直接效应(P=0.849)大于有效灌浆期对千粒重的直接效应(p=0.521)。对单株籽粒产量的直接效应也是籽粒灌浆速率(P=0.2152)大于有效灌浆期(P=0.0681)。因此,在一定穗粒数的基础上,通过提高籽粒灌浆速率增加单株籽粒产量比延长有效灌浆期更为有效。研究结果还表明:杂交种的籽粒灌浆速率与双亲自交系籽粒灌浆速率的中亲值具有较高的相关。杂交种的有效灌浆期与亲本自交系的高亲值具有较高的相关。高灌浆速率×高灌浆速率的自交系组配的杂种F_1的籽粒灌浆速率显著地高于高灌浆速率×低灌浆速率和低灌浆速率×低灌浆速率自交系组配的杂交种F_1的籽粒灌浆速率。而有效灌浆期的这个效应不显著。配合力分析说明:籽粒灌浆速率和有效灌浆期的一般配合力在遗传上是主要的,其加性遗传方差占总遗传方差的比值分别是85.71%和94.63%。所以着眼于提高一般配合力的育种方法对这两个性状进行选择都是有效的。
The results showed that grain filling rate and effective grain filling stage are two important physiological factors that affect 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Effective grain-filling rate of single-plant The effect of grain yield was direct (correlation coefficient r = 0.885, 1982; r = 0.5754, 1983). The effect of grain filling rate on grain yield per plant was indirect and the correlation coefficient was very small (r = 0.015, 1982; r = 0.012, 1983). The partial correlation between grain filling rate and grain yield was very significant (r yx1.X2 = 0.9694, 1982; r_ (YX1.X2) = 0.8923, 1983) with a certain spike number of grains. Path analysis showed that grain filling rate and effective grain filling stage mainly affected grain yield by 1000-grain weight. The direct effect of grain filling rate on 1000-grain weight (P = 0.849) was greater than the direct effect on 1000-grain weight at effective grain filling stage (p = 0.521). The direct effect on grain yield per plant was also the grain filling rate (P = 0.2152), which was greater than the effective filling stage (P = 0.0681). Therefore, on the basis of a certain number of spikelets, it is more effective to increase the grain yield per plant by increasing the grain filling rate than to extend the effective filling stage. The results also showed that the grain filling rate of hybrids was highly correlated with the pro-parents of grain-filling rate of parents inbred lines. The effective filling stage of hybrids is highly correlated with the high value of parental inbred lines. The grain filling rate of F1 hybrids with high filling rate × high filling rate inbred lines was significantly higher than that of F_1 hybrids with high filling rate × low filling rate and low filling rate × low filling rate Filling rate. However, this effect of effective filling stage is not significant. Combining ability analysis showed that the general combining ability of grain filling rate and effective grain filling stage was genetically dominant, and the ratio of additive genetic variance to total genetic variance was 85.71% and 94.63%, respectively. Therefore, focusing on improving the general combining ability of breeding methods for the selection of these two traits are valid.