0 引言 0.1 带状态补语的述补结构有两类,一类由动词(V)作述语,我们把它记作“V得C”(C代表补语);一类由形容词(A)作述语,我们把它记作“A得C”。本文只讨论“V得C”构成祈使句的有关情况。 语言事实告诉我们,并非所有的“V得C”都能进入祈使句。这可以从V和C两个方面来看:首先从动词方面看,根据祈使句对动词的句法、语义限制,只有可控动词(包括自主动词和非自主动词)才能作祈使句的谓语中心。可是,祈使句对“V得C”中的V限制更为严格。只有自主动词(V [+自主])构成的“V得C”才能行入祈使句,非自主动词(V[-自主])构成的“V得C”一般不能进入祈使句。例如: ?别跌得爬不起来! ?别忘得干干净净的! ?别摔得四脚朝天! ?别怕得话也不敢说!这些句子里,“V得C”中的V是非自主动词。这些句子倒不一定绝对不能说,但在没有特别的语境陪衬的情况下,听起来是很怪的。 其次,从状态补语看,进入祈使句的“V得C”中的C主要是形容词或形容词性成分,由动词或动词性成分充任补语的“V得C”一般不能进入祈使句。例如: *磨得双手起泡! *洗得直不起腰! 0 I. INTRODUCTION There are two types of complement structure of 0.1 state complement: one is the verb (V), and the other is the verb V (C is complement); the other is the adjective Language, we write it as “A must C”. This article discusses only the “V-C” imperative sentence formation of the situation. The fact of language tells us that not all “V-C” can enter imperative sentences. This can be seen from the V and C two aspects: First, from the verb aspect, according to the imperative sentence on the verb syntax, semantic constraints, only the controlled verbs (including autonomous verbs and involuntary verbs) as the predicate center. However, the imperative sentence on the “V C” V more stringent restrictions. Only “V-C” composed of autonomous verbs (V [+ autonomous]) can enter the imperative sentence, and “V-C” composed of non-autonomous verbs (V [-autonomous]) generally can not enter the imperative sentence. For example: Do not fall or climb up! Do not forget to be clean! Do not throw your feet upside down! Do not be afraid to say it dare not say! These sentences, “V C” in the V Autonomous verb It may not be absolutely impossible to say these sentences, but it sounds weird in the absence of a special context. Second, from the state complements, C in “V C” of the imperative sentence is mainly an adjective or adjective component, and “V C”, which is complemented by a verb or a verb component, generally can not enter the imperative sentence. For example: * Wrinkled hands! * Washed straight up!