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电力作为一种二次能源,不同发电方式和发电技术的电力CO2排放系数差别很大。研究发现,上海市2009年电力消费侧的CO2排放高于电力生产侧1 551万t,即上海市净调入电力的CO2排放为1 551万t,可见外来电CO2排放的正确测算对全市及各终端消费部门的CO2排放有重要影响。从排放系数来看,消费侧的CO2排放系数只有生产侧排放系数的81%,得益于外来电中可再生能源比例高于本地电力。2009年由于外来电的引入,上海市电力消费避免了178万t的CO2排放。就火力发电而言,上海市单位发电能耗和CO2排放略低于华东电网平均值,远高于世界先进水平,还有很大下降空间。基于以上研究,从提高火力发电的能效、发展可再生能源、发展分布式供能和其他新能源技术、建设智能电网等方面提出上海市减缓电力CO2排放的途径。
Electricity as a secondary energy, different power generation methods and power generation technology CO2 emission factors vary widely. The study found that in 2009, Shanghai’s CO2 emissions from the electricity consumption side are higher than the output of electricity generation by 15.51 million tons, that is, the net emission of electricity from Shanghai is 15.51 million tons. Therefore, The CO2 emissions from each end-use sector have a significant impact. From the emission coefficient, the CO2 emission factor on the consumer side is only 81% of the emission factor on the production side, thanks to the higher proportion of renewable energy sources in the incoming electricity than local electricity. In 2009, Shanghai’s electricity consumption avoided 1.78 million tons of CO2 emissions due to the introduction of foreign incoming electricity. In terms of thermal power generation, Shanghai’s unit power generation and CO2 emissions slightly lower than the average of East China Power Grid, much higher than the world advanced level, there is still much room for decline. Based on the above research, this paper puts forward the ways of Shanghai to mitigate the CO2 emission from the aspects of improving the energy efficiency of thermal power, developing renewable energy, developing distributed energy supply and other new energy technologies and building smart grid.