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基因研究的发展正值科学与市场的联系日益密切之际。结果是基因资源和基因知识强劲地私有化了 ,其标志是数以千计的基因序列成为专利品 ,作为商业机密受到保护的数据库激增 ,还有就是签订了关于使用特定人群的遗传学和医学数据的垄断性的合同。专利泛滥成灾 ,既囊括了基因的应用 ,也涵盖了基因本身 ,这使得科研的步伐减缓 ,鼓励了健康领域垄断现象的出现。可是 ,这种私有化的趋势并非单行道 ,也没有定于一尊。在基因研究领域 ,存在着生产并传播集体和公共产品的模式。本文即研究这些模式 ,并提出了更好地平衡私有资产、集体资产和公共资产之间关系的方案。
The development of genetic research is at a time when science and the market are becoming more and more connected. The result is a strong privatization of genetic resources and genetic knowledge, marked by the proliferation of thousands of genetic sequences that are patented, the proliferation of databases that are protected as trade secrets, and the signing of a database on genetics and medicine that use specific populations Data monopoly contract. The flooding of patents, which covers both the application of genes and the genes themselves, slows the pace of scientific research and encourages the emergence of monopolies in health. However, this trend of privatization is not a one-way street, nor is it set at one. In the field of genetic research, there are patterns of production and dissemination of collective and public goods. This article examines these patterns and suggests scenarios that better balance the relationship between private, collective, and public assets.