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日本历史上曾面临两次不同宪政制度的抉择,也经历了两次不同宪政制度的转型。从制度与文化的意义来说,现代日本人的法律生活是一个相互影响、相互促进、相互制约的复杂互动过程。在转型过程当中,日本制度与文化的转型不可避免地带有鲜明的“路径依赖”特性,“作为意识形态的宪法”和“作为制度的宪法”之间的偏差使得日本人的法律生活呈现出巨大的断裂与鸿沟。然而,另一方面,新宪法并没有完全被“路径依赖”所决定,日本传统文化基因的传承也曾出现部分断裂,宪政文化趋于成熟,并最终演化为新宪法实施的生命力。上述两种不同的文化特性为新制度的实施提供了不同方向的力量,并在不同利益集团的作用下构成了新制度的合力,最终共同决定了日本百年宪政转型的样态,同时左右着现代乃至未来日本人宪法生活的状况。
Japan has faced twice the choice of different constitutional systems in history and has undergone two transformations with different constitutional systems. In the sense of institution and culture, the legal life of modern Japanese people is a complex interactive process of interaction, mutual promotion and restriction. In the course of the transformation, the inevitable deviation of Japan’s system and culture from the characteristics of “path dependence”, “the constitution as an ideology” and “the constitution as a system” made the Japanese The legal life showed a huge break and divide. However, on the other hand, the new constitution is not completely determined by “path dependence ”, the inheritance of Japanese traditional cultural gene has also been partially broken, the constitutional culture has become mature, and eventually evolved into the vitality of the implementation of the new constitution. These two different cultural characteristics provide forces of different directions for the implementation of the new system and constitute the synergies of the new system under the influence of different interest groups. Eventually they jointly determine the pattern of Japan’s constitutional transformation in the past century and at the same time influence the development of modern And even the constitutional life of Japanese people in the future.