一、“两手抓,两手都要硬”的“两个文明”建设理论是当代中国文艺建设的理论基础马克思主义认为社会经济关系是文学关系的基础,人们的文学观念和文学创作是在一定的物质生产关系基础上形成的。而文艺在一定社会经济基础上形成后,又反过来会以其独特的方式和力量对社会发展起能动作用。邓小平同志继承和发展了这一基本原理,从社会主义初级阶段这一特定时期出发,结合本国改革开放的实际,提出了“两个文明”建设理论。邓小平说:“我们要在建设高度物质文明的同时,提高全民族的科学文化水平,发展高尚的丰富多彩的文化生活,建设高度的社会主义精神文明。”“精神文明是从物质文明来的”物质是基础,人民的物质生活好了,精神面貌会大有变化。”“不加强精神文明的建设……我们的革命和建设都不可能胜利”。“建设社会主义精神文明……是坚持社会主 I. The Theory of “Two Civilizations” Constructivism “Both Civilizations Are Both Hard” is the Theoretical Basis for Contemporary Chinese Literature and Art Marxism holds that socio-economic relations are the foundation of literary relations. People’s literary concepts and literary creations are certain Material production relations based on the formation. After the formation of literary and artistic foundation on a certain social and economic basis, it in turn will play an active role in social development in its unique ways and forces. Comrade Deng Xiaoping inherited and developed this basic principle, proceeding from this specific period of the initial stage of socialism and in combination with the reality of its own country’s reform and opening up, put forward the “two civilizations” construction theory. Deng Xiaoping said: “While building a highly material civilization, we must raise the scientific and cultural level of the whole nation, develop a noble and colorful cultural life and build a high-level socialist spiritual civilization.” “Spiritual civilization is made from material civilization” Material is the foundation, and the people’s material life is good, and their mental outlook will be greatly changed. “” Without strengthening the building of a spiritual civilization ... we can not triumph in our revolution and construction. “” Building a socialist spiritual civilization ... is to uphold socialism