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目的了解三门峡市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)流行特征与规律,探讨防制对策与措施。方法采用传染病疫情报告系统的数据进行统计学处理,对22年乙脑发病进行描述分析。结果三门峡市1986-2007年报告乙脑病例1673例,死亡124例,年平均发病率4.37/10万,其中1988年发病率最高为19.98/10万,2005年最低为0.17/10万,整体疫情趋势在波动中下降。病例分布呈高度散发状态,发病高峰为每年7-9月,呈明显的季节性,发病人群以散居儿童和农民为主,农村高于市区,2003年后乙脑发病大年龄组明显上升。结论乙脑的防治在农村地区应采取加强免疫接种、防蚊灭蚊和健康教育宣传的综合防治措施,并且要加强成年人和老年人的免疫接种,使人群达到并维持高免疫水平,从而有效地控制乙脑发病。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and patterns of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Sanmenxia and to explore countermeasures and measures for prevention and control. Methods The data of epidemic situation reporting system of infectious diseases were used for statistical analysis, and the incidence of Japanese encephalitis in 22 years was described and analyzed. Results From 1986 to 2007, Sanmenxia City reported 1 673 cases of JE cases and 124 deaths, with an average annual incidence of 4.37 / 100 000, of which the highest incidence in 1988 was 19.98 / 100 000 and the lowest in 2005 was 0.17 / 100 000. The overall epidemic situation The trend drops in volatility. The distribution of the cases was highly distributed. The peak incidence was from July to September each year. The incidence was mainly seasonal with scattered children and peasants. The rural area was higher than the urban area. The incidence of Japanese encephalitis in older age groups increased significantly after 2003. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of JE should adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures in rural areas to strengthen publicity on anti-mosquito and mosquito control and health education, and to strengthen the immunization of adults and the elderly so that the population can achieve and maintain high immunity and thus be effective To control the incidence of Japanese encephalitis.