艺术是洞察作为活生生的社会整体的人的特殊智慧.这样的对象要求用生活本身的形式加以再现(活生生的、完整的人,这始终是性格、感受、行动);与之相适应,人的周围世界(典型环境)也是用生活本身的形式再现出来的,因为,作为一个活生生的整体,人只能同活生生的世界打交道,而只有活生生的对象世界才能成为人的生活的典型环境,成为有助于了解人的积极的背景.对象世界在艺术中的艺术意义越大,那它就越要服从于这一辅助任务,这决不是偶然的.在艺术中,作品的逻辑以人的性格的逻辑为转移,这决不是偶然的,伟大的现实主义者们曾不止一次地指出过这一点.托尔斯泰曾说:“……同所描写的人物同命运、共呼吸,用形象来描写他们的内心感觉,那末,人物本身就会按照他们的性格所需要的那样行动,也就是说,结局会按照人物的性格自然而然地被想象和表现出来.”高尔基也指出人的性格在故事发展中的这一主导作用:“……决不能向人物暗示应该怎样行动.他们每个人都有自己生物的和社会的行动逻辑,都有自己的意志.作者把他们连同这些特质一起从现实中吸取过来,作为自己的材料,不过只是‘半成品’.其次,作者对他们进行‘加工’,以自己的亲身经验和自己的知识来琢磨他们,替他们说出他们所没有说出来的话,完成他们没有做、但是根据他 Art is the special wisdom of insight into people who are living societies as a whole that require that they be reproduced in the form of life itself (living, complete, which is always character, feeling, action); The surrounding world (typical environment) is also reproduced in the form of life itself, because, as a living entity, people can only deal with the living world, and only the living object world can become the typical environment of human life, becoming Helps to understand the positive background of the person.It is by no means accidental that the greater the artistic significance of the object world in art is, the more it obeys this auxiliary task.In the art, the logic of the works is based on human nature It is no coincidence that logic is a transfer, as has been pointed out by great realists on more than one occasion. “Tolstoy once said:” ... the same fate as the character depicted Their inner senses, then, the characters themselves act as their character requires, that is, the ending is naturally imagined and represented by the character’s personality “Gorky also pointed out the leading role of human character in the development of the story:” ... Never suggest to the characters what to do, each of whom has his own biological and social logic of action, with his own will. The authors draw them together with these qualities from reality as their own material, but only as a “semi-finished product.” Second, the authors “process” them, pondering them with their own personal experience and their own knowledge, Out of what they did not say, they did not finish, but according to him