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目的观察湘江长沙城区段血吸虫病疫情变化与桔洲景区水域水体安全性。方法了解2003-2012年间实施的防治措施,调查洲滩钉螺分布和两岸居民、水上渔船民血吸虫感染率,采用哨鼠实验测定水体感染性。结果湘江长沙城区段2003年钉螺面积为471 hm2,2012年为28.81 hm2,下降了93.88%;11个有螺洲滩通过环境改造已有9个未查到活螺,其余2个活螺密度已降至0.006只/0.1 m2以下,并连续7年未查到感染性钉螺。桔洲景区原有钉螺孳生地已彻底改造,自2008年起连续5年未查到活螺,景区水域及其上游已无敞放家畜,哨鼠实验测定水体感染性已连续10年为阴性,2003年居民感染率为3.63%,2010年后未发现本地新感染病例。结论湘江长沙城区段血吸虫病疫情已达到传播控制标准,桔洲景区水体安全;但仍需加强血吸虫病疫情监测。
Objective To observe the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the urban area of Changsha in the Xiangjiang River and the water body safety in the watershed of Tanzhou Island. Methods To understand the control measures implemented during the period of 2003 to 2012, investigate the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis and the infection rates of schistosomiasis among residents living on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and the floating population, and test the water infectivity by using the sentinel test. Results The area of Xiangjiang River in Changsha was 471 hm2 in 2003 and 28.81 hm2 in 2012, down by 93.88%. Nine of the 11 Lo Tho beaches through environmental reconstruction had 9 live lobsters not detected and the remaining two lobed densities had been Fell to 0.006 /0.1 m2 or less, and for seven consecutive years did not find infected snails. Orange Island scenic original snail breeding ground has been completely transformed since 2008, five consecutive years have not been found live snail, waters and the upper reaches of the scenic area has not been open to domestic animals, the test animal water quality test has been negative for 10 consecutive years, In 2003, the resident infection rate was 3.63%. After 2010, no new local infection was found. Conclusion The epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in the urban area of Changsha in the Xiangjiang River has reached the standard of transmission control and the water body in the Orange Island scenic spot is safe. However, the surveillance of schistosomiasis epidemic situation still needs to be strengthened.