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为研究不同调控措施对黄淮海平原中低产田盐碱障碍的消除效果及对作物和土壤质量动态的影响,在河南封丘布置小区模拟实验,通过测产、采样和分析,研究四种盐障消除调控处理模式对无盐和盐障区玉米和土壤质量的影响,及各处理的利弊权重。结果表明:盐碱障碍对夏玉米和土壤质量胁迫明显。有机肥处理对增加亩产、消除土壤盐障、提高表土肥力效果最好,但作物体内Na含量和Na/K增加;秸杆覆盖处理对提高亩产、消除土壤盐障效果其次,但作物体内Na含量和Na/K增加、K含量低;饼肥处理对提高亩产、消除土壤盐障效果最差,但利于作物体内降低Na含量和Na/K、提高K含量,并显著增大表土肥效;耐盐作物处理对提高亩产、增强作物体内排Na效果较好,但作物吸收养分离子少、Na/K增加、土壤保肥效果一般、不能消除土壤盐障。针对各处理的不同利弊权重,需采取均衡施肥、多处理交叉配合等措施,扬利除弊,达到消除盐障和提高地力的目标。
In order to study the elimination effect of different control measures on salinity-alkalinity disturbance in middle and low-yield fields of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and its impact on the crop and soil quality dynamics, a simulation experiment was carried out in Fengqiu, Henan Province. Through the methods of yield measurement, sampling and analysis, Elimination of the effects of different treatment modes on the quality of maize and soil in salt-free and salt-affected areas, and the weights and benefits of treatments. The results showed that salinization disturbance had obvious effect on summer maize and soil quality. Organic fertilizer treatment can increase the yield per mu, eliminate soil salt barrier and improve topsoil fertility, but Na content and Na / K in the crop increase; straw mulching treatment can improve the yield per mu and eliminate the effect of soil salt barrier. However, The content of Na and K in the body increased and the K content was low. The treatment of cake fertilizer had the least effect on increasing mu yield and eliminating salt barrier, but it was beneficial to reduce Na content and Na / K, increase K content and significantly increase topsoil fertilizer Salt-tolerant crop treatments can improve the yield of rice and enhance the effect of Na in the crop. However, the crops have less nutrient ions and Na / K increases, and soil conservation effect is generally not effective and can not eliminate soil salt barrier. In view of the different advantages and disadvantages of each treatment, balanced fertilization and multi-treatment cross-matching should be taken to eliminate the disadvantages and achieve the goal of eliminating salt barriers and improving soil fertility.