本文通过在大鼠气管内分别注入温石棉短纤维、石英、TiO_2粉尘诱发大鼠肺泡炎,行光镜和电镜的比较观察。结果显示:3种粉尘的共同反应是急性渗出炎伴肺泡结构损伤,继而渗出物吸收机化与再生修复,最终纤维化。与石英和钛尘比较,石棉纤维更多沉积在细支气管,致细支气管炎伴微小溃疡形成、末梢气腔内纤维素渗出及附壁型为主的弥漫性纤维化为其突出特点。我们发现短纤维温石棉具有肯定的致纤维化潜能。 In this paper, rat aspergillitis was induced by injecting chrysotile staple fibers, quartz and TiO 2 dust into the trachea of ​​rats, respectively. The light microscope and electron microscope were compared. The results showed that the common reaction of the three kinds of dust is acute exudative inflammation with alveolar structural damage, followed by exudate absorption and regeneration and repair, the final fibrosis. Compared with quartz and titanium dust, more deposits of asbestos fibers in the bronchioles, bronchiolitis caused by the formation of tiny ulcers, distal air cavity cellulose exudation and paroxysmal type of diffuse fibrosis as its salient features. We found that staple fiber chrysotile has a positive fibrogenic potential.