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减速机齿轮轴在安装调试中发生异常开裂,经宏观观察、扫描电镜及光学显微镜分析后发现,齿轮轴局部出现扭转变形,开裂面扩展方向与轴向呈45°,齿尖处裂纹尾端组织有冷形变特征。这些特征说明齿轮轴开裂是安装不当出现过载导致的。调试过程中,齿轮轴因运转受阻出现过载,当过载超过其许用应力时,齿轮轴开始发生少许变形,进而在应力集中部位开裂,并沿与轴向呈45°方向扩展从而导致失效。
The gear shaft of the reducer was abnormally cracked during the installation and adjustment. The macro-observation, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscope analysis showed that the gear shaft partially deformed and deformed, and the crack propagation direction was 45 ° with respect to the axial direction. The crack tip tissue Cold deformation characteristics. These characteristics indicate that gear shaft cracking is caused by improper installation. During commissioning, the gear shaft is overloaded due to obstructed operation. When the overload exceeds its allowable stress, the gear shaft begins to deform slightly, cracking at the stress concentration point and expanding in the direction of 45 ° with respect to the axial direction, resulting in failure.