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目的研究小儿术前饮液对机体内环境的稳定作用。方法５３例患儿随机分两组，实验组（ｎ＝２９），术前１日晚餐后，自由饮牛奶、果汁饮料至麻醉前４～５ｈ，之后饮水至麻醉前２ｈ。对照组（ｎ＝２４）常规禁饮食。比较两组血糖（ＢＳ）、红细胞压积（Ｈｃｔ）、血酮体以及血气分析、胃液量等。结果实验组ＢＳ、ＰＣＯ２、ＢＥ和ＨＣＯ３－高于对照组、Ｈｃｔ低于对照组，均有统计学意义。对照组中分别有４例发生低血糖，２例代谢性酸中毒，５例患儿血酮体阳性，而实验组仅１例低血糖，１例血酮体阳性。实验组和对照组胃液量分别为（０．５５±０．３４）ｍｌｋｇ－１和（０．５８±０．４２）ｍｌｋｇ－１。结论小儿术前饮液，可避免或改善常规术前禁饮食引起的脱水、低血糖及代谢性酸中毒等内环境变化，而不增加误吸的危险
Objective To study the stabilizing effect of preoperative drink on children’s body environment. Methods 53 cases of children were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n = 29), after dinner on the first day before operation, were free to drink milk and fruit juice 4 to 5 hours before anesthesia. Control group (n = 24) routinely forbidden diet. Blood glucose (BS), hematocrit (Hct), blood ketone bodies and blood gas analysis, gastric juice volume and so on were compared. Results The levels of BS, PCO2, BE and HCO3- in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and Hct was lower than that in the control group, both of which were statistically significant. There were 4 cases of hypoglycemia, 2 cases of metabolic acidosis in the control group, 5 cases of children with blood ketone body positive, while the experimental group only 1 case of hypoglycemia, 1 case of blood ketone body positive. The amount of gastric juice in the experimental group and the control group were (0.55 ± 0.34) mlkg-1 and (0.58 ± 0.42) mlkg-1, respectively. Conclusion Preoperative drink solution in children can avoid or improve the internal environment changes such as dehydration, hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis caused by routine preoperative forbidden diet without increasing the risk of aspiration