近数十年来,随着科学技术的发展,作为对患者疾病进行诊断的手段,除常规的放射影像学、超声影像学外,病理诊断亦与时俱进,免疫组织化学已广泛应用于病理诊断。近些年已发展到应用分子生物学技术,检测与不同疾病相关的基因,来诊断疾病,大有逐步取代以组织、细胞形态为诊断依据的诊断病理学之势。在我国,由老一辈病理学家奠基的诊断病理学,至今仍然是用显微镜为千千万万患者进行最后诊断的可靠手段,被誉为疾病诊断的金标 In recent decades, along with the development of science and technology, pathological diagnosis has been advancing with the times as a means of diagnosing diseases in patients. In addition to routine radiological imaging and ultrasonic imaging, immunohistochemistry has been widely used in pathological diagnosis. In recent years, molecular biology techniques have been developed to detect genes associated with different diseases to diagnose diseases, largely replacing the diagnosis of pathology based on tissue and cell morphology. In our country, the diagnostic pathology laid by the pathologists of the older generation is still a reliable means of using the microscope for the final diagnosis of hundreds of millions of patients, which is regarded as the gold standard of disease diagnosis