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为了保证零件几何要素的互换性,除了必须规定其各尺寸的公差,并给定各表面的粗糙度参数允许以外,还应对各要素的形状及其相互位置的精度提出一定的要求,即规定适当的形状和位置公差。在机械工业发展初期,机械加工的精度和生产效率都相当低。随着社会化大生产的发展,开始了“互换性生产”。第二次世界大战期间和其后,形位公差被正式提出并获得广范应用,取得了明
In order to ensure the interchangeability of the geometrical elements of the parts, in addition to the tolerances of each dimension must be specified, and given the allowable roughness parameters of the various surfaces, certain requirements should also be put forward on the shapes of the elements and the accuracy of their mutual positions, that is, Proper shape and position tolerances. In the early days of mechanical industry, machining precision and production efficiency are quite low. With the development of socialized mass production, “exchangeable production” began. During and after World War II, form tolerances were formally proposed and obtained wide application, made clear