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大地构造与气候之间存在着直接和间接的相关关系。在地形隆升、大气圈循环以及水循环之间存在着直接关系。间接的联系是通过俯冲消减和火山活动产生的气体进入大气圈,以及通过化学风化侵蚀和消耗大气圈气体。大陆地块的裂解导致中央裂陷下沉和边缘隆起之后的大规模的隆起。结果是在显生宙重复很多的区域气候变化:首先形成圈闭气体的穹窿,随后是淡水湖的裂谷,在山脉围限的干旱裂谷发育的最后外源沉积停滞。会聚构造影响大范围的气候。山脉是大气循环的障壁,特别是当它垂直于大气循环时。它也限制水蒸气从潜热向显热转变。大范围地形隆升造成引起季节性的气候极端变化的辐射输入和输出的路径缩短,并伴有大气圈压力倒转和季风循环增强。火山活动通过把火山灰和大气粉尘带到大气圈而影响气候,除非它们被带入平流层,这种影响才会减少。带入平流层最可能出现在高纬度区,那里对流层的厚度最小。火山将温室气体 CO_2从大气圈-海洋系统移出。
There is a direct and indirect correlation between the structure of the earth and the climate. There is a direct relationship between the uplift of the terrain, the circulation of the atmosphere, and the water cycle. Indirect links enter the atmosphere through gases created by subduction and volcanic activity, and they erode and consume atmospheric gas through chemical weathering. The fragmentation of the continental mass led to the massive upheaval following the sinking of the central rift and the upheaval of the margin. The result is climatic changes in much of the Phanerozoic: the formation of trapped gas vaults, followed by the rifting of freshwater lakes, and the stagnation of extrinsic sediments at the end of arid rifting in the mountain limits. Convergence tectonics affect a wide range of climates. Mountains are barriers to atmospheric circulation, especially when it is perpendicular to the atmosphere. It also limits the steam from latent heat to sensible heat transition. Large-scale uplift results in a shortened path of radiation inputs and outputs that cause extreme seasonal changes in the climate, accompanied by atmospheric pressure reversal and monsoon circulation enhancement. Volcanic activity affects the climate by bringing volcanic ash and atmospheric dust to the atmosphere, unless it is reduced to the stratosphere. Bringing into the stratosphere is most likely to occur at high latitudes, where the troposphere has the smallest thickness. Volcanoes remove the greenhouse gas CO 2 from the atmosphere-ocean system.