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目的：探讨P16基因蛋白在子宫内膜癌发生中的作用。方法：采用免疫组化方法对42例子宫内膜癌中P16蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达进行观察。结果：P16蛋白在子宫内膜癌的阳性率为69．1％（29／42），显著低于其在正常子宫内膜（100％，8／8）及子宫内膜不典型增生（90．9％，20／22）中的阳性率（P＜0．05）。等级相关分析显示，随肿瘤组织学分级的增加、临床分期的升高及肿瘤浸润深度的增加，P16蛋白阳性率逐渐降低（P＜0．01）。PCNA标记指数与肿瘤分化程度及临床分期有关，而与浸润无关。P16蛋白阳性者的PCNA指数低于P16蛋白阴性者（P＜0．05）。结论：P16基因蛋白参与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展，并与部分生物学行为有关。
Objective: To investigate the role of P16 gene protein in the development of endometrial carcinoma. Methods: The expression of P16 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 42 cases of endometrial carcinoma were observed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The positive rate of P16 protein in endometrial carcinoma was 69.1% (29/42), which was significantly lower than that in normal endometrium (100%, 8/8) and endometrial dysplasia (90. Positive rate in 9%, 20/22) (P<0.05). Grade correlation analysis showed that with the increase of histological grade, the increase of clinical stage and the depth of tumor invasion, the positive rate of P16 protein gradually decreased (P<0.01). The PCNA labeling index was related to tumor differentiation and clinical stage, but not to infiltration. The PCNA index of patients with positive P16 protein was lower than that of P16 protein negative (P<0.05). Conclusion: P16 gene protein is involved in the occurrence and development of endometrial carcinoma, and it is related to some biological behaviors.