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实验模拟循环水养殖系统,运行了移动床生物膜反应器(moving bed biofilm reactor,MBBR)和挂帘式生物滴滤池两类生物过滤系统的6种不同填料反应器,对比分析了各反应器的填料挂膜效果、铵态氮转化速率和生物膜微生物群落结构等特征.结果表明,与MBBR相比,挂帘式生物滴滤池挂膜速度快且生物量较多,其中碳纤维挂帘式生物滴滤池的脱膜后生物膜重最大,为45.97 g·m-2,8 h NH+4-N去除率(86.76%)高于其他反应器(61.96%~78.76%),并且NO-2-N累积少,16 h时NO-2-N浓度在0.5 mg·L~(-1)以下.通过Illumina高通量测序技术对生物过滤系统中生物膜微生物群落结构进行解析,结果表明,不同类型反应器的生物膜内的细菌、真核微生物群落构成有明显区别,无论是细菌还是真核微生物,挂帘式生物滴滤池的物种丰度和多样性均高于MBBR,但MBBR的细菌群落物种集中度更高.硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)及放线菌中的Nakamurella属在两类反应器的生物膜中均占优势,腐螺旋菌科(Saprospiraceae)在挂帘式生物滴滤池更多,而丛毛单胞菌科(Comamonadaceae)更倾向于在MBBR中富集.在真核微生物属水平相对丰度上,挂帘式生物滴滤池中小杆目中的Rhabditida norank占明显优势,而MBBR中绿藻纲中的Chlorophyceae norank占明显优势.以上研究结果为挂帘式生物滴滤池在循环水养殖水质净化中的应用奠定了实验基础.
Experimental simulated circulating water aquaculture system, running six kinds of different packed reactors of moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and hanging curtain biological biological trickling filter system, comparative analysis of each reactor The results showed that compared with MBBR, the hanging-type biological trickling filter has the advantages of quick film-forming speed and high biomass, in which the carbon fiber hanging curtain type Biofilter had the strongest biofilm after stripping, which was 45.97 g · m-2, the removal rate of NH + 4-N was 86.76% higher than that of other reactors (61.96% -78.76%), and NO- 2-N accumulated less, and the concentration of NO-2-N was less than 0.5 mg · L -1 at 16 h.The biofilm community structure in biofilter system was analyzed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, The biofilms in different types of reactors have obvious differences in the composition of bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms. The species abundance and diversity of both the bacteria and eukaryotic microorganisms are higher than those of MBBR Bacterial community species are more highly concentrated Nitrospira and Nakam in actinomycetes Urella is dominant in biofilms of both types of reactors, Saprospiraceae is more on a curtain-type biotrickling filter, and Comamonadaceae is more likely to be rich in MBBR In the relative abundance of eukaryotic microorganisms, Rhabditida norank occupied a significant advantage in the small rod of the curtain-type biological trickling filter, while Chlorophyceae norank in the MBBR Chlorella accounted for obvious advantages. The application of curtain biological trickling filter in water purification of circulating water laid the experimental foundation.