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深水超压是制约深水油气开发的重要问题,其中浅水流是对深水钻井最具破坏力的一种地质灾害。结合南海北部陆坡最新采集的高分辨率二维和三维地震资料,采用基于压实模型的流体压力模拟方法,通过井震联合分析,建立地震属性与岩石物性的关系,对研究区现今压力场状态进行模拟,获取了有效应力和超压系数等参数,探讨了沉积压实作用下的浅水流演化过程。通过模拟发现浅水流发育区的水动力特征与研究区的沉积模式密切相关,低渗透率地层的沉积物加载导致现今压力场具有明显的低有效应力异常和高超压系数,而如果仅考虑沉积压实作用,现有的沉积速率尚不足以维持持续地超压来造成高风险的浅水流灾害,但其泄压过程也是个漫长的阶段。
Deep-water overpressure is an important issue restricting the development of deep-water oil and gas, of which shallow-water flow is one of the most destructive geological disasters for deep-water drilling. Based on the newly acquired high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data collected from the northern South China Sea, a fluid pressure simulation method based on compaction model was used to establish the relationship between seismic attributes and petrophysical properties through well joint and seismic analysis. The parameters of effective stress and overpressure coefficient were obtained, and the evolution of shallow water flow under sedimentary compaction was discussed. It is found through simulation that the hydrodynamic characteristics of the shallow water flow development area are closely related to the sedimentary model of the study area. The sediment loading of the low permeability formation leads to obvious low effective stress anomalies and high overpressure coefficients in the present pressure field. However, In effect, the existing deposition rate is not sufficient to sustain sustained overpressure to create a high-risk shallow-water disaster, but the pressure relief process is a long process.