目的评价在小学生及托幼儿童中实施乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗接种与乙肝防治健康教育项目(项目)的效果,为少数民族地区开展乙肝综合防治提供依据。方法培训卫生专业人员和学校教师,发放宣传品,采用多种活动,接种乙肝疫苗,于健康教育前、后进行知识问卷调查,完成全程免疫3个月后抽样检测乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)。结果乙肝防治知识知晓率干预前、后分别是50.05%和92.65%(2χ=414.33,P<0.01),乙肝疫苗重要意义认知度干预前后分别是68.34%和97.23%(2χ=274.24,P<0.01),乙肝疫苗调查和报告接种率在97%以上。抗-HBs阳性率为92.89%,有效保护抗体为88.78%,实施综合防治项目后比实施项目前抗体水平提高77.11%(χ2=680.55,P<0.01)。结论在儿童中开展形式多样的健康教育,其乙肝防治知识水平明显提高,开发民族语言的宣传画、培训教师、举办专题讲座是健康教育的重要手段。重组(汉逊酵母)乙肝疫苗接种后抗体阳转率较高,疫苗安全性良好。 Objective To evaluate the effect of implementing Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) vaccination and Hepatitis B Prevention and Control Health Education Project among primary school children and nursery children, and provide basis for comprehensive prevention and control of Hepatitis B in ethnic minority areas. Methods The health professionals and school teachers were trained to distribute publicity materials and adopt various activities to inoculate hepatitis B vaccine. Knowledge questionnaires were conducted before and after health education. Three months after the completion of full immunization, samples were taken for detection of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) . Results The awareness rate of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B was 50.05% and 92.65% respectively before and after intervention (2χ = 414.33, P <0.01). The recognition of significance of the importance of hepatitis B vaccine was 68.34% and 97.23% respectively before and after intervention (2χ = 274.24, P < 0.01), hepatitis B vaccine survey and report the vaccination rate above 97%. The positive rate of anti-HBs was 92.89% and the effective protection antibody was 88.78%. After the integrated control project was implemented, the pre-antibody level increased by 77.11% (χ2 = 680.55, P <0.01). Conclusions To carry out diversified forms of health education among children, the knowledge level of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B has been significantly improved. Developing the posters of ethnic languages, training teachers and holding seminars is an important means of health education. Recombinant (Hansenula) hepatitis B vaccination antibody positive rate is high, the vaccine is safe.