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本文尝试分析明儒王船山的太和观念。船山在注解张横渠的《正蒙》时,呈现了一种完整的宇宙论,也与横渠有一定的不同。太和是船山宇宙论中涵盖最广的一个观念,也与多个重要观念有密切的关系,可以说理解了太和就能理解船山理解的宇宙形态。根据《张子正蒙注》第一段的完整表述,可以了解太和的大致结构。其次,讨论船山对太虚、太极的解释,以此而理解太和本然状态。再次,讨论船山对阴阳、气神、体性的解释,以此理解太和的内容。最后,在上述讨论的基础上,完整的清晰地列出太和的各个层面;并且考察船山的几个观念与太和的关系,说明太和的重要性。
This article tries to analyze the concept of Taihe, the king of Ming Dynasty. When Chuanshan annotated Zhanghengqu’s “being Mongolian”, it presented a complete cosmology and also had some differences with Hengqu. Taihe is the most widely covered concept of Chuanshan cosmology. It is also closely related to a number of important concepts. It can be said that Taihe can understand the cosmic form that Chuanshan understands. According to the complete description of the first paragraph of “Zhang Zi-ming”, you can understand the general structure of Tai-he. Second, to discuss Chuanshan’s explanation of Taixu and Taiji in order to understand Taihe’s natural state. Again, to discuss Chuanyingsang yin and yang, qi and god, physical interpretation, in order to understand Taihe content. Finally, on the basis of the above discussion, all aspects of Taihe are completely and clearly listed; and the relationship between the concepts of Chuanshan and Taihe is examined to show the importance of Taihe.