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通过两年田间试验,研究不同施磷条件下玉米产量、养分吸收利用及转运的变化。结果表明,玉米产量随施磷水平的提高先增后降,以施磷90 kg/hm~2处理最高。依据玉米产量(y)和施磷量(x)二次曲线拟合,得出最佳施磷范围为90.1~103.1 kg/hm~2。在施磷水平30~90 kg/hm~2范围内,抽雄期各养分积累量与转运量呈正比;当施磷水平提高至120 kg/hm~2,各养分向子粒转运量出现负效应。相关分析表明,除苗期外,玉米其他生育期氮、磷、钾的积累间及转运间均存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,氮、磷、钾积累、转运与产量间也存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,灌浆期氮、磷、钾素积累与产量间的相关系数最大。玉米磷肥生理利用率和农学利用率随施磷水平的提高先增后降,玉米磷素吸收效率、当季回收率和偏生产力随施磷水平的提高而降低。
Through two years of field experiments, the changes of maize yield, nutrient uptake, utilization and translocation under different phosphorus application were studied. The results showed that the yield of maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application, and the highest was treated with 90 kg / hm ~ 2 of phosphorus. According to the quadratic curve fitting of corn yield (y) and phosphorus application (x), the optimum phosphorus application range was 90.1 ~ 103.1 kg / hm ~ 2. In the range of 30 ~ 90 kg / hm ~ 2, the accumulative amount of nutrients in the tasseled stage was directly proportional to the amount of translocation; when the phosphorus application level was increased to 120 kg / hm ~ 2, the nutrient contents were negatively affected. Correlation analysis showed that except the seedling stage, there was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between N, P, K accumulation and translocation in other growth stages of maize. There was also a significant positive correlation between N, P, K accumulation and translocation and yield Or extremely significant positive correlation. The correlation coefficient between nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulation and grain yield during grain filling stage was the highest. The physiological utilization and agronomic efficiency of maize P increased at first and then decreased with the increase of P application. The maize P absorption efficiency, seasonal recovery and partial productivity decreased with the increase of P application.