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我国古代行政、司法为一统,故清末上海无独立的司法机关。辛亥革命后,革命党人即在华界设立司法署,受理民、刑事诉讼案件,从此,上海有了独立的司法机关。一九一二年,上海司法署改为上海地方审判厅。一九二七年十月,国民党南京政府裁撤各地审判厅,实行高等法院制度,于是上海地方审判厅改为上海地方法院,隶属于江苏省高等法院。这一法院体制一直延用到一九四五年抗日战争胜利。
In ancient China, administration and judiciary were unified, so there was no independent judicial organ in Shanghai in the late Qing Dynasty. After the Revolution of 1911, the revolutionaries established the Department of Justice in the Chinese community to accept cases of civilians and criminal proceedings. From then on, Shanghai had an independent judiciary. In 1912, the Shanghai Justice Department was changed to Shanghai Local Courtroom. In October 1927, the Kuomintang government in Nanjing dismissed the courtrooms all over the country and implemented the system of higher courts. As a result, the local courtroom in Shanghai was changed to a district court in Shanghai and subordinated to the Jiangsu Provincial High Court. This court system has been extended to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945.