目的了解厦门市扩大国家免疫规划实施前后(2006～2010年)流行性腮腺炎(流腮)的发病现状及流行趋势。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2006～2010年厦门市《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》和《突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统》报告的流腮疫情资料进行分析。结果厦门市2006～2010年共报告流腮病例3 038例,年平均发病率为25.05/10万,发病有明显的季节性,12月到次年1月和5～7月有两个发病高峰。发病主要集中在2～15岁的学生和幼托儿童,占报告病例总数的81.44%。2起暴发疫情均发生在小学。结论 2008年起将腮腺炎疫苗纳入扩大国家免疫规划,只能逐渐产生效果,不能快速建立起免疫屏障,短期内的发病不能很快下降。尽快出台流腮监测方案,以便积累更加丰富的发病资料,为进一步研究流腮防治措施提供基础信息。 Objective To understand the prevalence and epidemiological trend of mumps (streamers) in Xiamen before and after the enlarging of National Immunization Program (2006-2010). Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of mumps from the report of Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System and Public Health Incident Management Information System in Xiamen City from 2006 to 2010. Results A total of 3 038 cases of mumps were reported in Xiamen from 2006 to 2010, with an average annual incidence rate of 25.05 / 100 000. The incidence was obviously seasonal. There were two peak incidences from December to January and from May to July . The incidence mainly concentrated in 2 to 15-year-old students and child care children, accounting for 81.44% of the total number of reported cases. Two outbreaks occurred in primary schools. Conclusions Since mumps vaccine was included in the expansion of the national immunization program from 2008, it can only gradually produce effects and can not quickly establish an immune barrier, and the incidence in the short term can not be rapidly reduced. As soon as possible the introduction of gills monitoring program in order to accumulate more abundant incidence of information for further study of gills prevention and control measures to provide basic information.