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大量的研究结果表明,三磷酸腺苷(ATP)是在耳蜗及前庭功能中起着重要作用的信号分子。ATP的信号传导通过有7种亚型离子型的P2X受体(P2XR1-7)和有11种亚型的代谢型P2Y受体(P2YR1-11)来实现。P2XR亚型位于毛细胞顶端尤其是静纤毛处、Deiters细胞、Reissner膜、血管平滑肌、螺旋神经节神经元胞体及其与内外毛细胞形成突触的神经末端。
A large number of studies have shown that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in cochlear and vestibular function. Signaling of ATP is achieved by seven isoforms of P2X receptors (P2XR1-7) and eleven isoforms of metabotropic P2Y receptors (P2YR1-11). The P2XR subtype is located at the apical end of the hair cells, especially at the ciliary fossa, Deiters cells, Reissner’s membrane, vascular smooth muscle, spiral ganglion neuronal cell bodies and their neuronal terminals that form synapses with both inner and outer hair cells.