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流行病学和实验研究证实,HCV可直接经皮暴露于血传播。感染HCV的高危人群包括输用全血和血制品的病人、静注毒品成瘾者、接触血液的医务人员和血透析病人。然而,美国丙型肝炎病人仅一半属这些高危人群。其它血源病毒,如HBV不仅可经皮暴露传播,还可经粘膜和不明显的肠道外暴露传播。最近,沙特阿拉伯的一项有关儿童抗-HCV阳性率的研究表明,儿童感染HCV和成人一样普遍(约1％),HBV感染率最高地区的儿童抗-HCV阳性率近6％。假定这些儿童不是由于输血和肠道外用药而感染,则应存在其他传播途径和感染源。根据
Epidemiological and experimental studies have confirmed that HCV can be directly transdermally exposed to blood transmission. High-risk groups infected with HCV include patients who consume whole blood and blood products, intravenous drug addicts, blood-contact medical staff and hemodialysis patients. However, only half of the U.S. hepatitis C patients are those at high risk. Other blood-borne viruses, such as HBV, can be transmitted not only by transdermal exposure but also by mucosal and unobvious parenteral exposure. A recent study in Saudi Arabia on the anti-HCV positive rate in children showed that children infected with HCV were as common as adults (approximately 1%) and had a nearly 6% positive rate of anti-HCV in children with the highest HBV infection rates. Given that these children are not infected with blood transfusions and parenteral drugs, other routes of transmission and sources of infection should exist. according to