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目的探讨北京市昌平区手足口病的流行特征及干预措施。方法采用描述流行病学分析北京市昌平区2012年报告的4 317例手足口病患者的流行特征及采取的护理干预措施。结果人群聚集的镇/街为手足口病的高发地区,发病年龄集中在5岁以下;职业以散居、幼托儿童为主;男性多于女性,发病高峰在5—7月,重症病例报告与手足口病例发病高峰一致;98.45%患者居家隔离治疗,无死亡病例;实验室检测肠道病毒EV71、CoxA16、其他肠道病毒及混合感染均有检出;91.80%的患者及患儿看护人听说过手足口病;相关知识获得途径75.43%来源于医务人员。结论手足口病的发生存在明显的性别、年龄、季节差异,医务人员针对流行特征及病情变化,采取有效的护理干预,可提高手足口病患者及患儿家属对医护人员的信任和依从性,采取健康行为,有利于疾病恢复及控制疫情蔓延。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease and its intervention measures in Changping District of Beijing. Methods Epidemiological characteristics of 4 317 HFMD patients reported in the 2012 report of Changping District, Beijing, and their nursing interventions were analyzed. Results The town / street where the crowd gathered was the high incidence area of hand-foot-mouth disease, the age of onset was less than 5 years old. The occupations were dominated by diathesis and child care. More men than women. The peak incidence was between May and July. Hand, foot and mouth cases peaked at the same level; 98.45% patients were treated with home isolation and no deaths were detected. Laboratory tests for enterovirus EV71, CoxA16 and other enteroviruses and mixed infections were found. 91.80% of patients and children’s caretakers heard Said hand, foot and mouth disease; 75.43% access to relevant knowledge from the medical staff. Conclusion The occurrence of hand, foot and mouth disease has obvious gender, age and season difference. The medical staff can take effective nursing interventions to improve the trust and compliance of the hand-foot-mouth disease patients and their relatives to the health care workers according to the epidemiological characteristics and disease changes. Adopting healthy behaviors is conducive to the recovery of the disease and controlling the spread of the epidemic.