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在考察印度及本土五百罗汉传说与罗汉堂修建缘起的基础上,本文重点考察南宋杭州净慈寺最早创建田字罗汉堂的历史及建筑形制,进而考证其流变的史实。南宋至明代,目前所知该形制一直为杭州净慈寺拥有。清代早期,钱塘地区首先有灵隐寺与安国寺田字罗汉堂的建造。其后,清高宗仿照钱塘诸寺在燕京地区一共建造了三座田字罗汉堂,形制上进一步融合了清代官式及喇嘛教建筑的不少特征。清代中晚期,全国各地随后兴起仿建田字罗汉堂的热潮。而这个时期的罗汉堂,又同时受到钱塘地区和燕京地区的特征影响。
After examining the origins of the legends of the five hundred Arhats in India and the origin of the Arhat Hall, this article focuses on the historical and architectural forms of the Tianji Arhat Hall, the earliest creation of the Tianci Luojing Temple in the Southern Song Dynasty in Hangzhou, and further examines the historical facts of the rhyme. From the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, it is known that the shape system has been owned by Hangzhou Jingci Temple. In the early Qing Dynasty, Qiantang was first built by Lingyin Temple and Anguo Temple Tianzi Luohantang. Later, Emperor Gaozong built a total of three field characters in the Yanjing area in the Qiantang temples. The shape system further incorporated many features of the official style and Lamaism architecture of the Qing Dynasty. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, an upsurge of imitation of Tian Tian Luo Han Tang was created in various parts of the country. In this period, Luohantang was influenced by the characteristics of the Qiantang and Yanjing areas.