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湿地,是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一,被誉为“地球之肾”,与森林、海洋一起并称为全球三大生态系统。目前,在全球范围内,天然湿地数量减少、质量恶化的总体趋势尚未得到有效遏制,湿地生态系统面临的压力正在增强,拥有我国第二大湿地资源的青海省,地处“世界屋脊”青藏高原东北部,是我国最著名的三大江河——黄河、长江和澜沧江的发源地。这里的高山大川间,河流密布,湖泊与沼泽众多,是国内海拔最高、湿地面积最大、分布最为集中的地区之一。目前,青海高原上包括高原湖泊、河流湿地、沼泽化草甸湿地三种类型在内的天然湿地资源面积达313.45万公顷,是仅
Wetland is one of the most biologically diverse ecological landscapes in nature and one of the most important living environments for human beings. It is known as the “kidney of the earth,” and together with forests and oceans, it is also called the world’s three major ecosystems. At present, in the global context, the overall trend of reduction in the number of natural wetlands and deterioration of quality has not yet been effectively curbed, and the pressure on wetland ecosystems is increasing. Qinghai Province, which is the second largest wetland resource in China, is located on the “roof of the world” Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The northeast is the birthplace of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River, the three most famous rivers in China. The large mountains and rivers here, the rivers are densely covered, there are numerous lakes and swamps, and it is one of the areas with the highest altitude and the largest wetland area in the country. At present, the area of natural wetland resources including the three types of plateau lakes, river wetlands, and swamp meadow wetlands on the Qinghai Plateau is 3.134 million hectares.