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为了揭示黄土地区地形地貌对公路建设的影响,提出以地表形态指数来综合反映地表形态状况,选取地表坡度、海拔高程、地表粗糙度、地表切割深度等单因素指标来综合量化地表形态指数。基于黄土地区数字高程模型和相关地理信息数据库,在GIS平台上对单因素指标进行计算并以AHP法确定了单因素权重,完成了地表形态指数的计算。研究结果表明:黄土地区地表形态指数存在明显的空间分异规律,地表形态指数最高的区域分布在陇西西北部黄土梁、阶地区及山西西北部山地、丘陵、黄土梁峁区,最低的区域分布在汾、渭河谷盆地、黄土台塬、阶地区及豫西山地、河谷、黄土梁、阶地区,其余介于二者之间。可见地表形态指数能够客观、准确地反映黄土地区地表形态状况,指导黄土地区公路规划建设。
In order to reveal the influence of topography on the road construction in loess area, this paper proposed a comprehensive reflection of surface morphological condition by using surface morphology index, and selected single factor indexes such as surface slope, elevation, surface roughness and surface cutting depth to comprehensively quantify the surface morphological index. Based on the digital elevation model of loess area and the related geographic information database, the single factor index was calculated on the GIS platform and the single factor weight was determined by the AHP method to complete the calculation of the surface morphological index. The results show that there is a clear spatial pattern of land surface morphological index in the loess area, and the areas with the highest land surface morphological index are located in loess and step region in the northwest of Longxi, mountains and hills in the northwestern part of Shanxi and the lowest regional distribution In Fen, Weihe Valley Basin, Loess Plateau, terrace area and western Henan mountains, valleys, loess beams, terrace area, the rest between the two. Visible surface morphology index can objectively and accurately reflect the surface morphology of the loess area and guide the highway planning and construction in the loess area.