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将6公斤 Imperor 葡萄包装在底垫盛有精制木屑的开有通风口的瓦楞纸箱内,然后用罹有灰霉病(Botrytis Cinerea Pers)的葡萄浆果接种。包装的葡萄或未用 SO_2处理,或开始时在含有 SO_2的室内熏蒸处理,或在果实上部放置快速释放 SO_2的发生剂(即把1.5克 NaHSO_3固定在一块纸板上)。在一些瓦楞纸箱内,用一种未开通风口的聚乙烯衬套密封着底垫、果实和快速释放 SO_2发生剂(QRG)。于25℃下放6天后,未用 SO_2处理的、开有通风口且未用聚乙烯衬套的包装,有90%浆果腐烂,室内熏蒸的有55%腐烂,用 SO_2发生剂处理的有80%腐烂。这些包装内葡萄果梗非常干燥、褐变,浆果因脱水而极度软化。在未开通风口的聚乙烯衬套内包装的葡萄有1%的浆果腐烂,果梗丰满呈绿色,果粒非常饱满。未开通风口的包装在10°和0℃下放置6天,腐烂率分别为1%和0%,包装等级分别评为良和优。接种灰霉菌的“无核白”葡萄包装在有 QRG 的未开通风口的聚乙烯衬套里,于25℃下放置,直到第4天尚未发现腐烂。用改进的快速释放 SO_2发生剂(即2.7克 NaHSO_3,以下简称 MQRG)处理的葡萄直到第5天也没有腐烂。在通风口直径为6毫米、孔距为112毫米的聚乙烯衬套内的葡萄要比装有1.5或2.7克 SO_2发生剂的未开通风口衬套内的葡萄腐烂多得多。通风口面积为0.92%,一般都增加腐烂;而通风口面积为3.68%则腐烂较少。果梗的干燥、褐变和浆果软化,直接与通风口面积有关。3种 SO_2处理显著抑制了果梗褐变。褐变的数量与 SO_2的剂量呈反相关。未开通风口衬套内的葡萄放6天后,重量损失是0.1%,如果衬套通风口面积为0.23%,重量损失是3.75%,通风口面积0.92%,重量损失为4.3%;通风口面积为3.68%,则重量损失为6.5%。这最后一个数值(6.5%)显著超过开通风口牛皮纸衬套内葡萄的重量损失(5.7%)。
The 6 kg of Imperor grapes are packaged in vents in ventilated, corrugated boxes on the base mat containing fine sawdust and are then inoculated with grape berries bearing the Botrytis Cinerea Pers. Wrapped grapes are either not treated with SO 2 or fumigated initially with SO 2 indoors or with a fast-acting SO 2 generator (ie 1.5 g NaHSO 3 immobilized on a piece of cardboard). In some corrugated boxes, the bottom pad, fruit and quick release of SO2 generating agent (QRG) are sealed with an unopened polyethylene sleeve. After 6 days at 25 ° C, 90% of the berries were vented without venting with SO_2 and unopened with polyethylene, 55% decayed in indoor fumigation and 80% rot. The berry stems in these packs are very dry and brown, and the berry is extremely softened by dehydration. 1% of the berries are decayed in unopened polyethylene bushings, with full green stems and very full fruit. Unopened vents were placed at 10 ° C and 0 ° C for 6 days with decay rates of 1% and 0%, respectively, and the packaging ratings were rated good and excellent respectively. The “seedless white” grapes inoculated with Botrytis were packaged in unopened polyethylene bush with QRG and placed at 25 ° C until no decay was found on the 4th day. Grapes treated with an improved fast release SO2 generating agent (ie, 2.7 grams of NaHSO3, hereinafter referred to as MQRG) did not decay until day 5. Grapes in polyethylene bushings with a vent diameter of 6 mm and a pitch of 112 mm were much more decayed than grapes in unopened bushing containing 1.5 or 2.7 grams of SO2 generating agent. Ventilation area of 0.92%, generally increased decay; and vent area of 3.68% less decay. Fruiting pedicels dry, browning and berry softening, directly related to the vent area. Three SO 2 treatment significantly inhibited the browning of peduncle. The amount of browning is inversely related to the dose of SO 2. The grape loss in the unopened bushing after 6 days was 0.1%, with a bushing vent area of 0.23%, a weight loss of 3.75%, a vent area of 0.92%, and a weight loss of 4.3%. The vent area was 3.68%, the weight loss is 6.5%. This last value (6.5%) significantly exceeded the weight loss (5.7%) of grapes in the open vent kraft liner.