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前面谈的是单句与简单判断的关系。实际上,人们在交际中所要表达的思想往往是比较复杂的。为了把这些思想表达得准确、严密,常常需要把两个或两个以上的简单判断组合在一起,构成一个复杂的判断。这种判断称为复合判断。它的语言表达形式就是由两个或两个以上的单句组合而成的复句。例如: (1)老宋是个结实精干的壮年人,机灵得象海马一样。 (2)马列主义、毛泽东思想如果不同实际相结合,就没有生命力了。 (3)孩子们飞也似地跑,或者蹲在乌桕树下赌石子玩。例(1)是并列复句,例(2)是假设复句,例(3)是选择复句,它们表达的都是复合判断。此外,一些用联合词组充当主语或谓语的单句所表达的判断也是复合判断。例如: (4)大会讨论并通过了这个方案。这个句子的谓语是联合词组“讨论并通过了”。它
The previous discussion was about the relationship between single sentences and simple judgments. In fact, people’s ideas in communication are often more complicated. In order to express these ideas accurately and closely, it is often necessary to combine two or more simple judgments to form a complex judgment. This kind of judgment is called compound judgment. Its language expression form is a complex sentence formed by a combination of two or more single sentences. For example: (1) Lao Song is a sturdy and powerful man who is as clever as a seahorse. (2) If Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought were combined in different ways, there would be no vitality. (3) The children flew in a similar manner or played under the black banyan tree. Example (1) is a parallel compound sentence. Example (2) is a hypothetical compound sentence. Example (3) is a compound sentence. They express compound judgments. In addition, some judgments expressed by single sentences that use a common phrase as a subject or predicate are also compound judgments. For example: (4) The conference discussed and passed this plan. The predicate of this sentence is the joint phrase “discussion and adoption.” it