不典型肺结核指临床表现、胸部X线表现及病变部位不符合临床常见规律,痰结核菌阴性的结核病例。笔者查阅10来住院及门诊肺结核病例890例中,不典型的肺结核25例曾被误治。误诊时间1个月～15年。误诊为风湿性关节炎4例,误诊为肺炎10例,误诊为支气管扩张3例,不典型的肺结核球误诊为肺癌3例,误诊为慢性支气管炎3例,血行播散型肺结核误诊为支气管肺癌1例,误诊为血液病1例。 Atypical pulmonary tuberculosis refers to the clinical manifestations, chest X-ray findings and lesions do not meet the common clinical practice, sputum TB negative cases of tuberculosis. The author reviewed 10 cases of inpatient and outpatient TB cases in 890 cases, atypical cases of tuberculosis in 25 cases had been mistaken. Misdiagnosis time 1 month ~ 15 years. Misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis in 4 cases, misdiagnosed as pneumonia in 10 cases, misdiagnosed as bronchiectasis in 3 cases, atypical pulmonary tuberculosis misdiagnosed as lung cancer in 3 cases, misdiagnosed as chronic bronchitis in 3 cases, hematogenous disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis misdiagnosed as bronchial lung cancer 1 case, misdiagnosed as blood disease in 1 case.