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花药黑粉菌 (Microbotryumviolaceum)可系统侵染其寄主植物麦瓶草 (Silenedioica) ,使其不育而代之以在植物花中布满菌孢子。这些菌孢子主要由花传媒昆虫带到健康植株。花传媒昆虫对花部特征变异的行为反应不仅可能影响花粉的输入 输出率 ,而且影响菌孢子的着落率和植株的发病与否。为研究S .dioica雌株花部性状特征与花粉传布、菌孢子着落及由此而导致的植株染病之间的相关性 ,用采自 4个不同S .dioica种群的植物进行了移栽实验。该 4个种群均位于瑞典北部的Skeppsvik群岛 ,代表了从健康 (岛 1,种群 1) ,低度发病 (岛 2 ,种群 2 )到高度发病 (岛 3、4,种群 3、4)的发病梯度。从上述 4个不同种群中各采 5 0个植株移栽至岛 4的中部。来自健康种群的植株较来自高发病种群的植株具有较大的花 ,较长的花柱。研究发现 ,着落在花上的花粉粒数和菌孢子数呈强正相关。来自健康种群的植株每朵花上着落的花粉粒和菌孢子数分别是高发病种群 (种群 4)植株的 4倍和 9倍 ,导致来自 4个不同种群的植株的发病率存在着显著差异 ,种群 1、2、3、4的发病率分别为 37%、2 0 %、18%、0。在涉及 10个种群的田间调查研究中 ,发现种群中健康植株的平均花柱长度 (与花冠大小 ,胚珠数目正相关 )与植株的发病率显著负相关。讨论了?
Microbotryum violaceum infects the host plant Silenedioica systematically, infertile it and replaces it with plant spores. These bacteria spores are mainly carried by flower media insects to healthy plants. The behavioral responses of flower media insects to floral trait variation not only may affect the pollen import and export rate, but also affect the rate of bacterial spore and plant pathogenesis. In order to study the correlation between floral characters of S.dioica female plants and the distribution of pollen, bacterial spores and the resulting plant diseases, transplanting experiments were conducted with plants from four different S.dioica populations. The four populations are all located in the Skeppsvik archipelago in northern Sweden and represent the most common diseases in the healthy (Island 1, Group 1), low (Island 2, 2) and high (Island 3, 4 and 3, 4) gradient. Fifty plants from each of the four different populations were picked for transplanting to the middle of island 4. Plants from healthy populations have larger flowers with longer styles than plants from a high incidence population. The study found that there was a strong positive correlation between the number of pollens landed on flowers and the number of spores. The number of pollen grains and spores that landed on each flower from a healthy population was 4 and 9 times higher than that of a high incidence population (population 4), respectively, resulting in significant differences in the incidence of plants from 4 different populations, The incidence rates of population 1, 2, 3, 4 were 37%, 20%, 18%, 0 respectively. In a field survey involving 10 populations, it was found that there was a significant negative correlation between the average style length of healthy plants in the population (positive correlation with corolla size and number of ovules) and plant incidence. Discussed?