本文报道２例多发性硬化（ｍｕｔｉｐｌｅｓｃｌｅｒｏｓｉｓ，ＭＳ）伴肌肉萎缩患者，发现这种萎缩以出现早、较局限、以手肌最早受累为特点。结合国外有关研究及本组电生理检查，推测ＭＳ伴肌萎缩的原因有两种：（１）中枢性萎缩；（２）前角及前根髓内病变。临床上应注意与肌萎缩侧索硬化相鉴别。 This article reports 2 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with muscular dystrophy, found that such atrophy to appear earlier, more limited to the earliest feature of hand muscle involvement. Combined with foreign studies and electrophysiological examination of this group, speculated that there are two reasons for MS with muscle atrophy: (1) central atrophy; (2) anterior horn and anterior root marrow lesions. Clinicians should pay attention to differentiate with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.