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人们普遍认为先占是财产权的原始基础,但是这种观点没有解决什么是“占有”的问题。本文分析普通法关于占有的观点,即意图对某物或某资源实施控制的一个或一系列行为。这种理解意味着占有行为首先是一种交流方式,如果把占有视为一种交流方式,则就会带来下述问题。首先财产权主张发生在能够理解交流信息的群体文化中。其次,其他文化群体的人可能不理解这些信息,这会导致资源利用的冲突。从某种程度上说,这就是19世纪欧洲移民与美洲原住民之间发生冲突的情况,欧洲移民认为某些占有行为(特别是耕种)应该带来他们对于土地的权利,但是美洲本土人不接受他们的财产权主张。
It is generally accepted that pre-emption is the original basis of property rights, but this view does not solve the problem of what constitutes “possession.” This article examines common law's view of possession, one or a series of acts intended to control something or a resource. This understanding means that possession, first and foremost, is a form of communication that, if viewed as a means of communication, leads to the following problems. First of all, the proposition of property rights occurs in a group culture that can understand and exchange information. Second, people from other cultural groups may not understand this information, which can lead to conflicts over resource utilization. To some extent, this is the case of a clash between nineteenth-century European immigrants and Native American peoples. European immigrants believe that certain occupations (especially farming) should bring their rights to land, but Native Americans do not Accept their property claims.