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以天山北坡为研究区域,采用野外调查与试验分析相结合的方法,选取5个土壤养分指标:有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和总盐,应用多元统计分析方法,分析了天山北坡3个区段(昭苏—特克斯、新源—巴音布鲁克、巴里坤—伊吾)林沿土壤不同层位(0~5 cm、5~20 cm、20~40 cm)养分含量的分布特征及差异性。结果表明:天山北坡西段(昭苏—特克斯、新源—巴音布鲁克)土壤养分含量比天山北坡东段(巴里坤—伊吾区域)高。3个区段不同深度土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均存在明显差异,其中0~5 cm土层有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的平均含量均比5~20 cm、20~40 cm高;5~20 cm土层有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的平均含量均比20~40 cm高;总盐含量不具有明显的垂直分层现象。按全国第2次土壤普查标准,天山北坡3个区段土壤均属肥沃级。昭苏—特克斯区段、新源—巴音布鲁克区段0~5 cm、5~20 cm、20~40 cm土壤养分各指标含量变化具有一定的规律,而巴里坤—伊吾区段土壤养分各指标含量变化具有良好的独立性。天山北坡西段(昭苏—特克斯、新源—巴音布鲁克)植被类型较多,植被覆盖度较高,土壤较为肥沃,大部分区域为夏牧场,人类活动以放牧为主,对该区段土壤要防止过度放牧所造成的植被退化与水土流失。天山北坡东段(巴里坤—伊吾)因土壤中砾石较多,植被类型较少,植被覆盖度较低,人类活动包括放牧、林业种植与旅游,与西段相比东段土壤的养分含量较低,所以应以保持生境原貌为主,避免人为扰动后的生境退化。
Taking the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain as study area, five soil nutrient indicators, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and total salt, were selected from the field investigation and experimental analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis The nutrient contents in different soil layers (0 ~ 5 cm, 5 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm) in the three sections of the slope (Zhaosu-Tekesi, Xinyuan- Bayinbluk, Balikun- Distribution characteristics and differences. The results showed that the content of soil nutrients in the western segment of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (Zhaosu-Tekesi, Xinyuan-Bayinbuluk) was higher than that of the eastern segment of the northern Tianshan Mountains (Barkol-Iwu region). There were significant differences in soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in three depths. The average contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 0 ~ 5 cm soil layer were all higher than those in 5 ~ 20 cm, 20-40 cm in height. The average contents of available organic nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 5-20 cm soil layer were all higher than those of 20-40 cm. The total salt content did not show obvious vertical stratification. According to the 2nd National Soil Census, soil in the 3 sections of the northern slope of Tianshan is fertile. There was a certain regularity in the changes of soil nutrient content in Zhaosu-Tekesi section and Xinyuan-Bayingbroke section at 0 ~ 5 cm, 5 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm, Soil nutrient content of each indicator changes with good independence. The western segment of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains (Zhaosu-Tekesi, Xinyuan-Bayinbuluke) has a large number of vegetation types with high vegetation coverage and fertile soils. Most of the areas are summer pastures and human activities are dominated by grazing. The section of soil should prevent the degradation of vegetation and water and soil erosion caused by overgrazing. Due to the large amount of gravel in the soil, less vegetation and low vegetation coverage, human activities include grazing, forestry planting and tourism. Compared with the western segment, soil nutrients in the eastern section of the northern section (Barkol-Iguo) Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the original habitat of habitats and avoid the degradation of habitats after man-made disturbances.