美国心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛于1943年在《人类激励理论》论文中提出了“基本需要层次理论”。该理论把人的所有需要大致划分为以下五个层次,即:生理上的需要,安全上的需要,对情感和归属的需要(社会需要),对尊重的需要,自我实现的需要。该理论中,五种层次上的需要呈“金字塔”式排列。且只有在最底层需要得到满足以后,人才会产生第二层需要,并且上一层需要在下一层需要得到满足之后会自然而然的产生,这就好比一个“连锁反应”。 American psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943 in the “Human Incentive Theory,” the paper proposed “basic level of need theory.” This theory roughly divides all the needs of people into the following five levels: physiological needs, security needs, needs for affection and belonging (social needs), the need for respect, and the need for self-actualization. In this theory, the needs of the five levels are arranged in a “pyramid”. And only when the lowest level needs to be satisfied, the talent will produce the second level needs, and the upper level needs to be satisfied after the next level will naturally arise, this is like a “chain reaction”.