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上一讲主要讲述宪法的法律地位以及基本原则。这一讲,则着重讲述宪法具有何种功能。第一,宪法是公民基本权利的根本保障。确认和保护公民的基本权利与自由是宪法存在的重要价值和功能。宪法的基本理念是实现人的尊严和价值,使公民在宪法的调整下获得幸福生活的基本环境和条件。各国宪法在文本中普遍规定了基本权利,并确立了具体的保障制度。基本权利一般是公民在社会生活中行使的最重要的权利,宪法同时赋予国家保障基本权利的义务。我国宪法的第二章规定了公民的基本权利和义务。
The last talk mainly about the legal status of the Constitution and the basic principles. This talk focuses on the constitutional function. First, the Constitution is the fundamental guarantee for the basic rights of citizens. To confirm and protect the basic rights and freedom of citizens is an important value and function of the constitution. The basic idea of the Constitution is to realize the dignity and value of human beings and enable the citizens to obtain the basic environment and conditions for a happy life under the constitutional readjustment. The Constitutions of various countries generally stipulate basic rights in the texts and establish specific safeguards. Fundamental rights are generally the most important rights that citizens exercise in social life. The Constitution at the same time gives the state the obligation to protect basic rights. Chapter II of our Constitution sets forth the basic rights and obligations of citizens.