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“二战”后,美国经济经历短暂的繁荣后便于20世纪70年代陷入长期衰退阶段。自由竞争学派和垄断资本学派对此进行了一场大讨论,自由竞争学派认为企业投资过度引致破坏性竞争是经济衰退的根本原因,而垄断资本学派则把衰退的原因归结为资本“脱实向虚”削弱了生产性投资。本文通过评介这场争论,以期有助于我们更深刻地认识当代资本主义经济的主要变化和特征,更好地把握当代资本主义经济运行规律具有积极的指导意义。
After the “World War II”, the U.S. economy experienced a brief period of prosperity and fell into a long-term recession in the 1970s. The free competition school and the monopoly capital school held a discussion on this issue. The free competition school believes that the over-investment caused by the enterprise is the root cause of the economic recession. The monopoly capitalism attributed the recession to the capital “ To ”weaken" the productive investment. By reviewing this argument, this article will help us to understand more deeply the main changes and characteristics of the contemporary capitalist economy and to have a positive guiding significance in better understanding the laws governing the operation of contemporary capitalist economy.