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雷公藤属植物是中药免疫抑制剂的首选原料药材。近年来,由于生态环境破坏和人为过度采挖,雷公藤属植物野生资源急剧减少,濒临灭绝,因此亟需保护其野生资源和评价其遗传多样性。本文通过简单重复序列分子标记(simple sequence repeat,SSR)探讨了28个雷公藤属植物野生居群(9个省共计396个样本)的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明,雷公藤属植物具有较高遗传多样性水平,多态百分比(PPL)为77.29%,Shannon’s信息指数(I)为0.639 4,平均基因杂合度(H)为0.359 9。雷公藤属植物居群间存在较高的遗传分化,平均基因流(N_m)为0.228 7。Nei’s遗传距离构建群体聚类树和Structure聚类分析表明28个居群可分为6支系,昆明山海棠主要被分成四川、云南、贵州-重庆3支,东北雷公藤单独聚为1支,雷公藤被分成2支,其中过渡类型LQ和NY被单独聚为1支。本文为雷公藤属植物野生资源保护、遗传多样性研究和分子标记辅助育种等方面的研究提供理论依据。
Tripterygium is a traditional Chinese medicine immunosuppressive drug of choice for raw materials. In recent years, due to the destruction of the ecological environment and man-made over excavation, the wild resources of the genus Tripterygium rapidly decrease and are on the verge of extinction, so it is imperative to protect its wild resources and evaluate its genetic diversity. In this paper, the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 28 wild populations of Tripterygium (396 samples in nine provinces) were investigated by simple sequence repeat (SSR). The results showed that the genus Tripterygium has high genetic diversity with a PPL of 77.29%, Shannon’s information index of 0.639 4 and average genetic heterozygosity of 0.359 9. There was a high level of genetic differentiation among the populations of Tripterygium wilfordii, with an average gene flow (N_m) of 0.228 7. Nei’s genetic distance and population clustering analysis showed that 28 populations could be divided into 6 sub-populations. Begoniaceae was mainly divided into three sub-populations: Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou-Chongqing, Tripterygium is divided into two branches, of which the transitional types LQ and NY are grouped together into one branch. This article provides the theoretical basis for the research on the conservation of wild resources of Tripterygium, genetic diversity and molecular marker-assisted breeding.