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本文论及的主要是自古代到纪元13世纪的(亦即“单音乐时期”)的欧洲声乐艺术概况。一、关于歌唱的起源歌唱是人类最古老的艺术形式之一。歌唱的起源有多种学说:① 模仿鸟鸣说。这是达尔文在《人类起源》(1871)中所主张的学说。但此学说早在古希腊哲学家德莫克利特(Demokritos,约前460—前370)就已提出,他认为“从天鹅和黄鸶等歌唱的鸟人类学会了歌唱”。此说颇类似我国古代《吕氏春秋》(仲夏记·古乐篇)中所载:“效山林溪谷之音以歌”、“听凤凰之鸣以制
This article deals mainly with the overview of European vocal art from ancient times to the 13th century (that is, “single music period”). One, on the origin of singing Singing is one of the oldest art forms in mankind. The origin of singing has a variety of theories: ① imitation of birdsong said. This is Darwin’s doctrine advocated in Human Origins (1871). However, this doctrine was proposed long ago by the ancient Greek philosopher Demokritos (John 460-37), who considered “the singing of birds from the swan and yellow croaker learned to sing.” This is quite similar to the ancient China, “Lu’s Spring and Autumn” (Midsummer Ji Gu Yue articles) contained in: “effective forest valleys to the song,” "listen to the Phoenix Ming to