电子计算机的发明和应用是本世纪最重大的科技成果之一。自1946年第一台电子计算机问世以来,发展极其迅速,大体上经历了四个阶段,即所谓“四代”。第一代(1946～1956年),是电子管计算机;第二代(1956～1962年),是晶体管计算机;第三代(1962～70年代初),是集成电路计算机;第四代(70年代以来),是大规模集成电路计算机。由于电子计算机的迅速发展,在一些工业发达的国家中,它在科学技术、国民经济、国防建 The invention and application of electronic computers is one of the most significant technological achievements of this century. Since the advent of the first electronic computer in 1946, the development has been extremely rapid and has generally gone through four stages, the so-called “four generations.” The first generation (1946 ~ 1956) was a tube computer; the second generation (1956-1962) was a transistor computer; the third generation (1962-70) was an integrated circuit computer; the fourth generation Since), is a large scale integrated circuit computer. Due to the rapid development of electronic computers, in some industrialized countries, it has played an important role in science and technology, national economy, national defense