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目的了解贵阳城区儿童少年心理行为问题流行现状及其影响因素。方法采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表和家庭环境量表对贵阳城区1600例中小学生进行调查,并对调查结果进行了现状分析及相关因素的单元和多元比较。结果检出有行为问题的儿童少年248例,检出率15.5%。最突出的心理行为问题小学男生为交往不良(10.96%),女生为分裂样强迫性(10.77%);中学男生为强迫性(7.94%),女生为分裂样(12.77%)。家庭环境质量、父母文化程度、对孩子的教育态度和期望、孩子的人际关系、居住地及学校的社会风气等与学生行为发育明显相关。结论贵阳城区儿童少年心理行为状况不容乐观,家庭环境质量、社会环境是影响儿童少年心理健康成长的重要因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influential factors of psychological and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in urban areas of Guiyang. Methods The Achenbach’s Child Behavior Inventory and Family Environment Scale were used to investigate 1,600 primary and secondary school students in Guiyang urban area. The status quo of the survey results and relative factors were compared between the two groups. Results 248 cases of children and adolescents with behavioral problems were detected, the detection rate was 15.5%. The most prominent male students in primary school were maladaptive behavior (10.96%), female students were schizoid compulsive (10.77%); secondary boys were obsessive-compulsive (7.94%) and female students were schizotypal (12.77%). Family environment quality, parental education level, attitude and expectation to children’s education, children’s interpersonal relationship, residence and social atmosphere of school are obviously related to students’ behavior development. Conclusion The mentality and behavior of children and adolescents in urban areas of Guiyang are not optimistic. The quality of family environment and social environment are important factors that affect the mental health of children and adolescents.