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本文用扫描电镜对梨属的9个种,52个品种、类型进行了花粉形态研究,根据花粉特征及其遗传表现,结合植物形态特征、果实经济性状等方面的研究对部分梨属植物的亲缘远近、相互关系作了推测。观察结果表明:1.梨属植物花粉粒为长球形至近球形,不同种、品种花粉粒的形状、大小、孢壁纹饰等性状存在程度不同的差异,可作为梨属植物分类的参考,但确定种质分类地位,尚需结合植物的形态特征、经济性状等多方面的研究。2.木梨、褐梨、杜梨、豆梨、秋子梨、砂梨、白梨等东方梨孢壁纹饰较为相似,说明其间亲缘关系较近;西洋梨与东方梨孢壁纹饰区别甚大,说明其间亲缘关系较远。3.通过花粉纹饰及其遗传表现,进一步证实了新疆梨以及西洋梨类中的客发梨、朝鲜洋梨、身不知梨等为东方梨与西洋梨的种间杂种。4.由花粉纹饰推测库尔勒香梨及南果梨可能含有西洋梨血缘。5.苹果梨花粉粒多为近球形,具沟桥,不同于其他种、品种,是较特殊的类型。
In this paper, we studied the pollen morphology of 9 species, 52 varieties and types of Pear’s genus by scanning electron microscopy. According to the pollen characteristics and their genetic expression, combined with the morphological characteristics of the plant, the economic characteristics of the fruit, Distance, the relationship between speculation. The results showed that: 1. The pollen grains of the genus Pyrus grow into a spherical shape with a nearly spherical shape. The difference in the shape, size, and ornamentation of the pollen grains of different species and varieties may serve as a reference for the classification of the genus Pyrus. However, Germplasm classification status, still need to combine the morphological characteristics of plants, economic traits and other aspects of research. 2. Pear, brown pear, pear, pear, autumn pear, sand pear, pear and other oriental pear spore wall ornamentation is more similar, indicating a close genetic relationship between pear and oriental pear spore wall ornamentation very different, indicating that during Kinship far. Through the pollen ornamentation and its genetic performance, we further confirmed that Xinjiang Pear and Pear Pear Pear, North Korea pear, I do not know pears and other oriental pear and Pear Interspecific hybrids. 4. It is speculated from the pollen ornamentation Korla pear and South pear may contain pear blood. 5. Apple pear pollen mostly spherical, with ditch, unlike other species, breeds, is a more special type.