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目的了解广州市青少年吸烟与饮酒行为发生率及变化趋势,为制定科学有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法比较分析2008年和2013年青少年健康危险行为监测资料的相关内容。结果 2013年广州市青少年尝试吸烟(22.44%)、过去30 d吸过烟(6.33%)、过去30 d吸烟>5支/d(1.21%)的行为发生率较2008年(依次为26.61%,9.56%,1.86%)均有所下降(χ2值分别为56.79,88.52,17.04,P值均<0.05);2013年过去30 d饮酒、重度饮酒以及过去12个月有醉酒行为发生率分别为29.89%,11.25%以及15.40%,与2008年(依次为29.03%,11.17%,14.90%)相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。2013年女生尝试饮酒和过去30 d饮酒行为发生率分别为62.74%和25.14%,明显高于2008年的54.89%和22.57%(χ2值分别为82.93,12.01,P值均<0.05)。2013年农村地区青少年尝试饮酒(67.16%)、重度饮酒(12.07%)以及醉酒(18.78%)行为发生率均明显高于2008年。2013年除尝试饮酒及过去30 d饮过酒行为发生率大学生(81.71%,42.66%)最高外,其他各项吸烟及饮酒行为发生率均以职中生最高。除大学生外,2013年初中生(53.71%)、高中生(73.38%)和职中生(75.30%)尝试饮酒发生率均高于2008年。与2008年相比,初中生重度饮酒(8.70%)及醉酒(10.67%)行为发生率,高中生过去30 d饮过酒(29.79%)及醉酒(15.66%)行为发生率均有所上升。结论广州市青少年吸烟行为发生率有所下降,饮酒行为发生率无明显变化。需进一步加强对饮酒行为的控制,特别是针对农村地区和职业中学学生的干预。
Objective To understand the prevalence and trend of smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in Guangzhou and to provide a theoretical basis for making scientific and effective interventions. Methods A comparative analysis of 2008 and 2013 adolescent health risk behavior monitoring content. Results In 2013, Guangzhou residents attempted to smoke (22.44%), smoking in the past 30 days (6.33%) and smoking in the past 30 days (d 1 / 21.1%) were significantly higher than those in 2008 (26.61% 9.56% and 1.86% respectively) (χ2 = 56.79, 88.52, 17.04, P <0.05). The prevalences of alcohol consumption, severe alcohol consumption and drunkenness in the past 30 days in 2013 in the past 30 days were 29.89 %, 11.25% and 15.40% respectively. There was no significant difference between them (P> 0.05) in 2008 (29.03%, 11.17%, 14.90%). In 2013, the prevalence of drinking alcohol and drinking behavior in the past 30 days were 62.74% and 25.14% respectively, significantly higher than 54.89% and 22.57% in 2008 (χ2 = 82.93 and 12.01, P <0.05 respectively). In rural areas in 2013, adolescents attempted to drink alcohol (67.16%), severe alcohol consumption (12.07%) and drunkenness (18.78%) were significantly higher than in 2008. Apart from the highest prevalence of smoking and drinking behaviors in 2013, the prevalence of smoking and drinking behaviors were highest among students who tried alcohol consumption and the prevalence of drinking alcohol in the past 30 days (81.71%, 42.66%). Except for college students, the prevalence of attempted drinking of middle school students (53.71%), high school students (73.38%) and vocational school students (75.30%) in early 2013 was higher than that of 2008. Compared with 2008, the incidence of severe alcohol consumption (8.70%) and drunkenness (10.67%) in junior high school students, the incidence of drinking high school students in the past 30 days (29.79%) and drunkenness (15.66%) increased. Conclusions The prevalence of smoking among adolescents in Guangzhou has declined, while the incidence of drinking behavior has not changed significantly. There is a need to further strengthen the control of alcohol consumption, especially for interventions in rural areas and in vocational secondary schools.